The Origin of the Kurds

The Origin of the Kurds von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
First interdisciplinary study composed by the Austrian Historian Ferdinand Hennerbichler (*1946), backed up by leading Iranist Gernot L. Windfuhr, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and renowned DNA Genealogist Anatole A. Klyosov, Newton, Massachusetts, USA, concluding: forefathers of Kurds were for the most part ethnically made up of Neolithic aboriginal Northern Fertile Crescent peoples and of Indoiranian speaking emigrating elites from Central Asia. According to recent research of Palaeo/Archaeo-genetics and DNA Genealogy, forefathers of Kurds were in their earliest traceable origins mainly descendants of Near Eastern and Eurasian indigenous aboriginal peoples, predominantly oldest Neolithic farmers and shepherds who cultivated areas of the Northern Fertile Crescent ca. 10,000-5,000 B.C.E. During the last millennia B.C.E. these aboriginal Neolithic forefathers of Kurds were linguistically Indoiranianized by emigrating militarily organized elites from Central Asia in two waves: between 2,200/2,000-1,600 B.C.E., via the Russian plains into Eastern Anatolia, Northern Mesopotamia and Zagros mountain regions, and ca. 800-600 B.C.E., mainly via the Iranian Plateau into Northwest Iran of today (Anatole Klyosov). This waves of migrations contributed to multi-ethno-cultural societies of Northern Fertile Crescent aboriginal forefathers of Kurds and of militarily organized elites who came from central Asia and who obviously imposed Old-Iranian on the indigenous populations from territories of the Northwest-Iran of today. Previously, Kurds spoke an unknown assumed Proto-Non-Iranian language. Hurritian played a dominant role in Kurdistan during ca. 1,000 500 B.C.E. (Ran Zadok). The first stages of the language of Iranianized Kurds could go back to the pre-Median or pre-Achaemenid periods (Gernot Windfuhr). An earlier influence of Old-Indo-Aryan-speakers in the ancient kingdom of Mitanni during the 2nd millennium B.C.E. is disputed. The word Kurd itself could mean mountain people, frequently complemented by various attributive expressions for war-like mountaineers. Oldest roots of the term can be traced back to the Sumerian assumed word stem kur denoting various mountain peoples and lands. In cuneiform sources kur-related terms are frequently used for mountaineers who inhabited ancestral homelands, which traditionally encompassed areas stretching from Eastern Anatolia via Northern Mesopotamia to Zagros regions and eastwards into Northwest-Iran of today. Also, since the 23rd century B.C.E. existed a steady but fragile, waxing and waning continuity of kur-stem term labels characterizing various mountain people. Some of them can be convincingly and in continuity allocated to descendants of aboriginal forefathers of Kurds. In conclusion, this new book tries to prove that Kurds are an independent autochthonous people mainly from areas outside of Iran of today. The published results triggered a lively on-going scientific discussion. Reactions so far are mostly positive.
Aktualisiert: 2023-07-01
> findR *

The Origin of the Kurds

The Origin of the Kurds von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
First interdisciplinary study composed by the Austrian Historian Ferdinand Hennerbichler (*1946), backed up by leading Iranist Gernot L. Windfuhr, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and renowned DNA Genealogist Anatole A. Klyosov, Newton, Massachusetts, USA, concluding: forefathers of Kurds were for the most part ethnically made up of Neolithic aboriginal Northern Fertile Crescent peoples and of Indoiranian speaking emigrating elites from Central Asia. According to recent research of Palaeo/Archaeo-genetics and DNA Genealogy, forefathers of Kurds were in their earliest traceable origins mainly descendants of Near Eastern and Eurasian indigenous aboriginal peoples, predominantly oldest Neolithic farmers and shepherds who cultivated areas of the Northern Fertile Crescent ca. 10,000-5,000 B.C.E. During the last millennia B.C.E. these aboriginal Neolithic forefathers of Kurds were linguistically Indoiranianized by emigrating militarily organized elites from Central Asia in two waves: between 2,200/2,000-1,600 B.C.E., via the Russian plains into Eastern Anatolia, Northern Mesopotamia and Zagros mountain regions, and ca. 800-600 B.C.E., mainly via the Iranian Plateau into Northwest Iran of today (Anatole Klyosov). This waves of migrations contributed to multi-ethno-cultural societies of Northern Fertile Crescent aboriginal forefathers of Kurds and of militarily organized elites who came from central Asia and who obviously imposed Old-Iranian on the indigenous populations from territories of the Northwest-Iran of today. Previously, Kurds spoke an unknown assumed Proto-Non-Iranian language. Hurritian played a dominant role in Kurdistan during ca. 1,000 500 B.C.E. (Ran Zadok). The first stages of the language of Iranianized Kurds could go back to the pre-Median or pre-Achaemenid periods (Gernot Windfuhr). An earlier influence of Old-Indo-Aryan-speakers in the ancient kingdom of Mitanni during the 2nd millennium B.C.E. is disputed. The word Kurd itself could mean mountain people, frequently complemented by various attributive expressions for war-like mountaineers. Oldest roots of the term can be traced back to the Sumerian assumed word stem kur denoting various mountain peoples and lands. In cuneiform sources kur-related terms are frequently used for mountaineers who inhabited ancestral homelands, which traditionally encompassed areas stretching from Eastern Anatolia via Northern Mesopotamia to Zagros regions and eastwards into Northwest-Iran of today. Also, since the 23rd century B.C.E. existed a steady but fragile, waxing and waning continuity of kur-stem term labels characterizing various mountain people. Some of them can be convincingly and in continuity allocated to descendants of aboriginal forefathers of Kurds. In conclusion, this new book tries to prove that Kurds are an independent autochthonous people mainly from areas outside of Iran of today. The published results triggered a lively on-going scientific discussion. Reactions so far are mostly positive.
Aktualisiert: 2023-07-01
> findR *

The Origin of the Kurds

The Origin of the Kurds von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
First interdisciplinary study composed by the Austrian Historian Ferdinand Hennerbichler (*1946), backed up by leading Iranist Gernot L. Windfuhr, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and renowned DNA Genealogist Anatole A. Klyosov, Newton, Massachusetts, USA, concluding: forefathers of Kurds were for the most part ethnically made up of Neolithic aboriginal Northern Fertile Crescent peoples and of Indoiranian speaking emigrating elites from Central Asia. According to recent research of Palaeo/Archaeo-genetics and DNA Genealogy, forefathers of Kurds were in their earliest traceable origins mainly descendants of Near Eastern and Eurasian indigenous aboriginal peoples, predominantly oldest Neolithic farmers and shepherds who cultivated areas of the Northern Fertile Crescent ca. 10,000-5,000 B.C.E. During the last millennia B.C.E. these aboriginal Neolithic forefathers of Kurds were linguistically Indoiranianized by emigrating militarily organized elites from Central Asia in two waves: between 2,200/2,000-1,600 B.C.E., via the Russian plains into Eastern Anatolia, Northern Mesopotamia and Zagros mountain regions, and ca. 800-600 B.C.E., mainly via the Iranian Plateau into Northwest Iran of today (Anatole Klyosov). This waves of migrations contributed to multi-ethno-cultural societies of Northern Fertile Crescent aboriginal forefathers of Kurds and of militarily organized elites who came from central Asia and who obviously imposed Old-Iranian on the indigenous populations from territories of the Northwest-Iran of today. Previously, Kurds spoke an unknown assumed Proto-Non-Iranian language. Hurritian played a dominant role in Kurdistan during ca. 1,000 500 B.C.E. (Ran Zadok). The first stages of the language of Iranianized Kurds could go back to the pre-Median or pre-Achaemenid periods (Gernot Windfuhr). An earlier influence of Old-Indo-Aryan-speakers in the ancient kingdom of Mitanni during the 2nd millennium B.C.E. is disputed. The word Kurd itself could mean mountain people, frequently complemented by various attributive expressions for war-like mountaineers. Oldest roots of the term can be traced back to the Sumerian assumed word stem kur denoting various mountain peoples and lands. In cuneiform sources kur-related terms are frequently used for mountaineers who inhabited ancestral homelands, which traditionally encompassed areas stretching from Eastern Anatolia via Northern Mesopotamia to Zagros regions and eastwards into Northwest-Iran of today. Also, since the 23rd century B.C.E. existed a steady but fragile, waxing and waning continuity of kur-stem term labels characterizing various mountain people. Some of them can be convincingly and in continuity allocated to descendants of aboriginal forefathers of Kurds. In conclusion, this new book tries to prove that Kurds are an independent autochthonous people mainly from areas outside of Iran of today. The published results triggered a lively on-going scientific discussion. Reactions so far are mostly positive.
Aktualisiert: 2023-07-01
> findR *

Die Herkunft der Kurden

Die Herkunft der Kurden von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
Mit der Arbeit wird in Form einer integrativen geschichtswissenschaftlichen Darstellung erstmals eine interdisziplinäre Studie vorgelegt, in der versucht wird, den Stand der Forschung über die Herkunft der Kurden durch Erkenntnisse der Evolutionären Anthropologie, Genforschung, Archäologie, einer ältesten, verfügbaren Terminologie, vergleichender Sprachwissenschaften und der Historiographie zusammenzufassen und daraus neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Das Ergebnis legt eine Neubewertung der Herkunft der Kurden nahe. Entgegen der bisher vorherrschenden Lehrmeinung, Kurden wären Iranier und stammten aus Gebieten des heutigen Irans, hauptsächlich deshalb, weil sie (heute) Iranisch sprechen, kommt die interdisziplinäre Studie zum Schluss, dass (heute noch lebende) Kurden in erster Linie Nachkommen einer neolithischen, multiethno-kulturellen Urbevölkerung in ihren angestammten Lebensräumen zwischen Ost-Anatolien, Nord-Mesopotamien und des Zagros einschließlich seiner Ostausläufer (aber sonst großteils außerhalb des heutigen Irans) sein dürften. Führende Populationsgenetiker der Gegenwart charakterisieren Kurden als engste genetische Verwandte von Juden (und Armeniern). Die älteste sprachliche Iranisierung der Kurden könnte noch vor der Zeit der Achaemeniden und möglicherweise auch der Meder aus Gebieten des heutigen Nordwest-Irans anzusetzen sein (Gernot Windfuhr, Ann Arbor). Demnach dürften Kurden als selbständiges Volk mit eigenständiger Herkunft und Geschichte ihres angestammten Lebensraumes zu begreifen sein, die erst im Laufe des ersten Jahrtausends sprachlich iranisiert wurden. Sie repräsentieren damit eines der ältesten Zivilisationsvölker des Nahen Ostens und Vorderasiens.
Aktualisiert: 2020-09-01
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The Origin of the Kurds

The Origin of the Kurds von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
First interdisciplinary study composed by the Austrian Historian Ferdinand Hennerbichler (*1946), backed up by leading Iranist Gernot L. Windfuhr, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and renowned DNA Genealogist Anatole A. Klyosov, Newton, Massachusetts, USA, concluding: forefathers of Kurds were for the most part ethnically made up of Neolithic aboriginal Northern Fertile Crescent peoples and of Indoiranian speaking emigrating elites from Central Asia. According to recent research of Palaeo/Archaeo-genetics and DNA Genealogy, forefathers of Kurds were in their earliest traceable origins mainly descendants of Near Eastern and Eurasian indigenous aboriginal peoples, predominantly oldest Neolithic farmers and shepherds who cultivated areas of the Northern Fertile Crescent ca. 10,000-5,000 B.C.E. During the last millennia B.C.E. these aboriginal Neolithic forefathers of Kurds were linguistically Indoiranianized by emigrating militarily organized elites from Central Asia in two waves: between 2,200/2,000-1,600 B.C.E., via the Russian plains into Eastern Anatolia, Northern Mesopotamia and Zagros mountain regions, and ca. 800-600 B.C.E., mainly via the Iranian Plateau into Northwest Iran of today (Anatole Klyosov). This waves of migrations contributed to multi-ethno-cultural societies of Northern Fertile Crescent aboriginal forefathers of Kurds and of militarily organized elites who came from central Asia and who obviously imposed Old-Iranian on the indigenous populations from territories of the Northwest-Iran of today. Previously, Kurds spoke an unknown assumed Proto-Non-Iranian language. Hurritian played a dominant role in Kurdistan during ca. 1,000 500 B.C.E. (Ran Zadok). The first stages of the language of Iranianized Kurds could go back to the pre-Median or pre-Achaemenid periods (Gernot Windfuhr). An earlier influence of Old-Indo-Aryan-speakers in the ancient kingdom of Mitanni during the 2nd millennium B.C.E. is disputed. The word Kurd itself could mean mountain people, frequently complemented by various attributive expressions for war-like mountaineers. Oldest roots of the term can be traced back to the Sumerian assumed word stem kur denoting various mountain peoples and lands. In cuneiform sources kur-related terms are frequently used for mountaineers who inhabited ancestral homelands, which traditionally encompassed areas stretching from Eastern Anatolia via Northern Mesopotamia to Zagros regions and eastwards into Northwest-Iran of today. Also, since the 23rd century B.C.E. existed a steady but fragile, waxing and waning continuity of kur-stem term labels characterizing various mountain people. Some of them can be convincingly and in continuity allocated to descendants of aboriginal forefathers of Kurds. In conclusion, this new book tries to prove that Kurds are an independent autochthonous people mainly from areas outside of Iran of today. The published results triggered a lively on-going scientific discussion. Reactions so far are mostly positive.
Aktualisiert: 2023-01-01
> findR *

Die Herkunft der Kurden

Die Herkunft der Kurden von Hennerbichler,  Ferdinand
Mit der Arbeit wird in Form einer integrativen geschichtswissenschaftlichen Darstellung erstmals eine interdisziplinäre Studie vorgelegt, in der versucht wird, den Stand der Forschung über die Herkunft der Kurden durch Erkenntnisse der Evolutionären Anthropologie, Genforschung, Archäologie, einer ältesten, verfügbaren Terminologie, vergleichender Sprachwissenschaften und der Historiographie zusammenzufassen und daraus neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Das Ergebnis legt eine Neubewertung der Herkunft der Kurden nahe. Entgegen der bisher vorherrschenden Lehrmeinung, Kurden wären Iranier und stammten aus Gebieten des heutigen Irans, hauptsächlich deshalb, weil sie (heute) Iranisch sprechen, kommt die interdisziplinäre Studie zum Schluss, dass (heute noch lebende) Kurden in erster Linie Nachkommen einer neolithischen, multiethno-kulturellen Urbevölkerung in ihren angestammten Lebensräumen zwischen Ost-Anatolien, Nord-Mesopotamien und des Zagros einschließlich seiner Ostausläufer (aber sonst großteils außerhalb des heutigen Irans) sein dürften. Führende Populationsgenetiker der Gegenwart charakterisieren Kurden als engste genetische Verwandte von Juden (und Armeniern). Die älteste sprachliche Iranisierung der Kurden könnte noch vor der Zeit der Achaemeniden und möglicherweise auch der Meder aus Gebieten des heutigen Nordwest-Irans anzusetzen sein (Gernot Windfuhr, Ann Arbor). Demnach dürften Kurden als selbständiges Volk mit eigenständiger Herkunft und Geschichte ihres angestammten Lebensraumes zu begreifen sein, die erst im Laufe des ersten Jahrtausends sprachlich iranisiert wurden. Sie repräsentieren damit eines der ältesten Zivilisationsvölker des Nahen Ostens und Vorderasiens.
Aktualisiert: 2023-04-08
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