Ein außergewöhnliches Dokument der Toleranz aus dem Jahr 1510: Reuchlins »Ratschlag« ist ein Plädoyer für die friedliche Koexistenz von Christen und Juden, für die Freiheit des Andersdenkenden und für den Wert des Buches an sich.
Das Gutachten für Kaiser Maximilian I. sprach sich vehement gegen die geplante Einziehung und Vernichtung aller hebräischen Schriften im Reich aus. Es löste den sogenannten Judenbücherstreit aus, die erste große mediale Auseinandersetzung seit der Erfindung des Buchdrucks.
Der Band bietet eine sorgfältige Neuedition mit Übersetzung, Stellenkommentar und Nachwort.
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The continuation of the lawsuit regarding the ›Augenspiegel‹ was the ever present background for the 90 letters in this volume. When Reuchlin won his case at the episcopal court of Speyer in the spring of 1514, Cologne theologians called upon the highest judicial body for questions of faith: the Holy See in Rome. Reuchlin’s close contacts to influential cardinals of the Roman Curia such as Egidio da Viterbo, Domenico Grimani or Adriano Castellesi are documented by the correspondence during these years as are the efforts made concerning the involvement of Pope Leo X himself. The correspondence with men such as Erasmus of Rotterdam or Jacques Lefèvre d’Etaples illustrates the broad support given to Reuchlin at that time by the humanist avant-garde. The letters written by Hermann von dem Busche, Johannes Crotus Rubeanus and Ulrich von Hutten lead directly to the authors of possibly the most famous of all modern Latin satires: the ›Epistolae obscurorum virorum‹, published anonymously in two parts in 1515 and 1517.
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The German translation of the historical-critical edition of the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences) is directed towards interested laypersons who would like to study the times and the personal circumstances of the great humanist, but is also meant to be of help to scholars and researchers. The short commentary in the footnotes is based on the historical-critical edition. A list of persons which whom Reuchlin corresponded and a biographical list of persons are included in the volumes.
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This volume contains the first scholary edition of the writings on the Jewish book controversy: ›Tütsch Missive‹ (1505), ›Augenspiegel‹ (1511), ›Ain Clare verstentnus‹ (1512) and the comprehensive ›Defensio‹ (1513), which Reuchlin addressed to Emperor Maximilian in order to justify his position against the defamation of his adversaries. The Latin texts have been translated into Modern High German, and the Early Modern High German texts are in the original wording. In anticipation of the commentary, the references to quotations in the texts have been verified and given as footnotes. The reproduction of the texts is based on the editio princeps.
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In the second volume of the Reuchlin correspondence there are two subjects which stand out among the many, subjects on which Reuchlins fame is largely based: making the Hebrew language accessible and the so-called Jewish book controversy. In 1506, the ‹Rudimenta Hebraica‹, a first Hebrew grammar book, was published. In 1510, Emperor Maximilian commissioned Reuchlin and others to provide an evaluation of the Jewish books. He was opposed to a complete ban and thus was exposed to hostility and persecution. His respect for Jewish tradition was expressed impressively in a letter to Stocker, a doctor in Ulm: »We Latins drink water from the swamp, the Greeks from the river, the Jews from the spring».
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The last four and a half years of the humanists‹s life were overshadowed by the circumstances of Duke Ulrich‹s banishment from Württemberg (1519), as a result of which Reuchlin left Stuttgart and worked as a professor of Greek and Hebrew in Ingolstadt (1520) and Tübingen (1521/1522). The correspondence during the years however also shows that Reuchlin distanced himself from Luther‹s Reformation of the church, while his own trial against the Cologne theologians ended in defeat in the summer of 1520 in Rome. In the end, this aloofness also alienated him from his favorite student, Philipp Melanchthon, whose appointment to Wittenberg Reuchlin himself had arranged in 1518.
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Reuchlin‹s ‹Kunst der Kabbala‹ (On the Art of the Kabbalah) was published in 1517 in Hagenau by Anshelm and is dedicated to Pope Leo X. In this work, Reuchlin summed up his research and his thoughts on the Jewish secret doctrine of the Kabbalah. This work is a continuation of his previous thoughts from ‹De verbo mirifico‹. It is set up as a dialogue, divided into three books, of which the first and the third deal with issues surrounding the Kabbalah whereas the second book deals with Pythagorean thought. In its time, this work was admired more – or also rejected more – than it was properly understood by scholars. Nevertheless it could contain an important key to Reuchlin‹s thinking and his view of the world. This work, which is not easy to understand, will be published in the original Latin in a text-critical, edited version and with a transation into Modern High German which will be followed by a comprehensive interdisciplinary commentary.
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The letters in this volume were written during the last four and a half years of Reuchlin’s life and show the impact of the war in Württemberg (1519) and of Reuchlin’s work as a professor of Greek and Hebrew in Ingolstadt (1520) and Tübingen (1521/1522). Reuchlin did not join Luther‘s Reformation, in whose undertow his lawsuit against the citizens of Cologne ended in defeat in 1520 in Rome. This led to a break with many of his old companions, among whom were Ulrich von Hutten and Philipp Melanchthon.
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The 136 letters in this volume were written between Reuchlin›s time as a student and the 51st year of his life. During this time, he wrote the dialogue ›De verbo mirifico‹, the comedies ›Sergius‹ and ›Henno‹ as well as a Hebrew grammar, published in March of 1506. The correspondence provides a great deal of material on the origins of these and other works by Reuchlin‹s and sheds light on their reception at that time. A series of previously unpublished letters enables the very first insights into Reuchlin’s work as a councillor and a judge. Among the 80 correspondents in this volume are Rudolf Agricola, Sebastian Brant, Marsilio Ficino, Aldo Manuzio, Lorenzo de Medici and Jakob Sprenger. The appendix contains further important documents.
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The 90 letters in this volume illustrate primarily the legal and journalistic dispute surrounding Reuchlins evaluation in the Jewish book controversy as well as the Kabbalistic studies of the Pforzheim humanist, which culminated in the publication of his three books ‹De arte cabalistica‹ in March of 1517. There are very few letters from these years which do not touch on at least one of these subjects. The content of the correspondence does however have a much larger range. The letters deal with the procedure to determine the date of Easter at the Fifth Lateran Council as well as the genealogy of Marc, the history of an ancient gesture of blessing, Greek theories of harmony or the beginnings of occidental Ethiopian studies.
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This volume features the German translation of the 136 letters that the ›Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften‹ has published previously in volume I of the critical edition. It covers the period from the time of Reuchlin‹s studies up to the 50th year of his life. During this period he produced the dialogue ›De verbo mirifico‹, the comedies ›Sergius‹ and ›Henno‹, and the Hebrew Grammar, originally published in March 1506. His correspondence is a very diverse collection of material with regard to the genesis of various works and is repeatedly concerned with their contemporary critical reception. For the first time, a number of previously unpublished letters allows an insight into Reuchlin‹s occupation as councilor (Britisch: councillor) and judge. Among his 80 correspondents are Rodolphus Agricola, Sebastian Brant, Marsilio Ficino, Aldo Manuzio, Lorenzo de‹ Medici, and Jacob Sprenger. The volume is intended for interested laypersons, who want to find out more about the times and the circumstances of Reuchlin‹s life, and also for academics and researchers. The concise commentary in footnotes is based on the critical edition.
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In three theological discussions held by a Jewish, a pagan and a Christian scholar, the fundamental positions of the three religions ultimately merge into a single unit in Jesus and the Christian doctrine. The comprehensive discussions are part of the 15th century discussion about the magical vis verborum, which Ficino and Pico della Mirandola had started. The profound philological and philosophical reasoning is explained in a separate volume of commentaries.
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Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522) plays an outstanding role in German literary and intellectual history. As a humanist and a practising jurist in the service of the Duchy of Württemberg, he was an influential force in the academic and political activities in pre-Reformation Germany. As a leading Hebraist of his time, he attempted to make the Hebrew language and Jewish literature accessible to philologists, philosophers and theologians north of the Alps and also to preserve both of these.
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This volume contains approximately 240 letters in which Reuchlin deals with questions pertaining to grammar and exegetics among other things and in his capacity as a judge of the Swabian League corresponds with litigants. The private correspondence during these years focused on Reuchlin’s conflicts with the Faculty of Theology in Cologne regarding his expert assessment of Jewish literature which he had defended in his pamphlet ›Augenspiegel‹ in 1511 against the hostilities of Johannes Pfefferkorn’s. Reuchlin’s official correspondence on the other hand dealt with various protracted court cases; this is presented in the appendices, in context, each case supplemented by overviews of the oral proceedings. This also includes a chronological list of all the letters which illustrates the sequence and the juxtaposition of the humanistic correspondence and the official correspondence.
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